Transumbilical Silicone Breast Augmentation: A Practical Review of an Innovative Technique.

ABSTRACT: Transumbilical silicone breast augmentation (TUSBA) is a fairly new and rapidly growing technique of endoscopically assisted placement of silicone breast implants. In comparison, the well-known transumbilical breast augmentation (TUBA) with saline has been described in the literature since 1993 (Planas J. Introduction of breast implants through the abdominal route. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976;57:431-437). The TUBA procedure has proven to be safe, efficient, and cosmetically sound over the last 29 years (Shiffman MA, Caleel RT, Shumway R, et al. Survey of transumbilical breast augmentation (TUBA). Am J Cosmet Surg. 2011;28:5-11). Augmentation with silicone through the umbilicus is becoming more popular due to several factors: first, because the acceptance of TUBA with saline has been good with positive outcomes and, second, because patients prefer the discrete location and small size of the umbilical scar left behind. Endoscopic guidance is a critical tool for learning and visualization and for reducing complications such as hematoma or misplacement of the implant.Breast augmentation continues to grow in popularity and acceptance, alongside cosmetic procedures in general. This author expects that, as the TUSBA technique becomes more widespread in use, surgeons will benefit from having a practical clinical publication from which to modify their own technique. This publication will present the authors' TUSBA technique and chart review of practice data from May 2021 through November 2022, wherein the TUSBA procedure was performed.Forty women aged 21 to 61 years (mean, 35.13 years) underwent endoscopically assisted TUSBA. All patients had the implants placed in the submuscular pocket. Patient surveys and postoperative visit data were used in the generation of follow-up information. Upon inspection of the chart data at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, there were no reports of capsular contracture. Transumbilical silicone breast augmentation is a safe and efficient method for silicone implant placement in select patients.

Relationship between Leadership among Peers and Burnout in Sports Teams.

This study has been conducted with the aim of ascertaining the relationship between peer leaders in sport teams and the levels of burnout experienced by their team-mates. A total of 219 Spanish athletes involved in football and basketball participated in the study. To measure leadership among peers, we employed the Sports Peer Leadership Scale, which comprises 24 items, grouped into 6 primary factors: empathy, influence on decision making, sports values, social support, training orientation and competition orientation. And to measure burnout, we employed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, which comprises 15 items which are indicators of physical and emotional exhaustion, devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment among athletes. The results led to the conclusion that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between perceived leadership capacity and the levels of burnout experience by a team. The greater the level of leadership capacity perceived, the lower the levels of burnout will be. A multiple regression analysis with total burnout as dependent variable and social and task orientations of the leader as predictors showed standardized regression coefficients of -.241 (p = .010) and -.076 (p = .413), respectively for social and task orientation, being the effect size equal to .089.

Relationship between leadership among peers and Burnout in sports teams

This study has been conducted with the aim of ascertaining the relationship between peer leaders in sport teams and the levels of burnout experienced by their team-mates. A total of 219 Spanish athletes involved in football and basketball participated in the study. To measure leadership among peers, we employed the Sports Peer Leadership Scale, which comprises 24 items, grouped into 6 primary factors: empathy, influence on decision making, sports values, social support, training orientation and competition orientation. And to measure burnout, we employed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, which comprises 15 items which are indicators of physical and emotional exhaustion, devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment among athletes. The results led to the conclusion that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between perceived leadership capacity and the levels of burnout experience by a team. The greater the level of leadership capacity perceived, the lower the levels of burnout will be. A multiple regression analysis with total burnout as dependent variable and social and task orientations of the leader as predictors showed standardized regression coefficients of -.241 (p = .010) and -.076 (p = .413), respectively for social and task orientation, being the effect size equal to .089 (AU)

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[Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a Peruvian national hospital, 2012]. / Bartonella henselae en niños con adenitis regional atendidos en un hospital nacional del Perú, 2012.

In order to determine the frequency of seropositive cases of Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a national hospital in Peru, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 106 children with regional adenitis greater than 1 cm in diameter. The sample was selected from patients aged 5-11 years seen at the National Institute of Child Health for acute onset of regional adentitis, with more than five days of symptoms. B. henselae seropositivity was defined by indirect immunofluorescence test. We found that 86 children (81.1%) were positive for B.henselae. The median age of the patients was 7 years. In the bivariate analysis, the following associated factors were found: aged 5 years, history of fever, lymphadenopathy greater than 4 cm and reported contact with cat. In conclusion, children with regional adenitis treated in this national referral hospital showed a high frequency of positive serology for B. henselae.

Bartonella henselae en niños con adenitis regional atendidos en un hospital nacional del Perú, 2012 / Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a Peruvian national hospital, 2012

Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de casos seropositivos a Bartonella henselae en niños con adenitis regional atendidos en un hospital nacional del Perú, se realizó un estudio trasversal en 106 niños con adenitis regional mayor de 1 cm de diámetro, de aparición aguda, con tiempo de enfermedad mayor de cinco días, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño durante el año 2012. Se definió seropositividad para B. henselae mediante el examen de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, siendo positivos 86 niños (81,1%) con una mediana de edad de 7 años, rango de 5 a 11; en el análisis bivariado se encontraron como factores asociados, edad mayor de 5 años, antecedentes de fiebre, adenopatía mayor de 4 cm y reporte de contacto con gato. En conclusión, los niños con adenitis regional atendidos en este hospital de referencia nacional presentaron una frecuencia alta de serología positiva para B. henselae.

In order to determine the frequency of seropositive cases of Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a national hospital in Peru, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 106 children with regional adenitis greater than 1 cm in diameter. The sample was selected from patients aged 5-11 years seen at the National Institute of Child Health for acute onset of regional adentitis, with more than five days of symptoms. B. henselae seropositivity was defined by indirect immunofluorescence test. We found that 86 children (81.1%) were positive for B.henselae. The median age of the patients was 7 years. In the bivariate analysis, the following associated factors were found: aged 5 years, history of fever, lymphadenopathy greater than 4 cm and reported contact with cat. In conclusion, children with regional adenitis treated in this national referral hospital showed a high frequency of positive serology for B. henselae.

Bartonella henselae en niños con adenitis regional atendidos en un hospital nacional del Perú, 2012 / Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a peruvian national hospital, 2012

Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de casos seropositivos a Bartonella henselae en niños con adenitis regional atendidos en un hospital nacional del Perú, se realizó un estudio trasversal en 106 niños con adenitis regional mayor de 1 cm de diámetro, de aparición aguda, con tiempo de enfermedad mayor de cinco días, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño durante el año 2012. Se definió seropositividad para B. henselae mediante el examen de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, siendo positivos 86 niños (81,1%) con una mediana de edad de 7 años, rango de 5 a 11; en el análisis bivariado se encontraron como factores asociados, edad mayor de 5 años, antecedentes de fiebre, adenopatía mayor de 4 cm y reporte de contacto con gato. En conclusión, los niños con adenitis regional atendidos en este hospital de referencia nacional presentaron una frecuencia alta de serología positiva para B. henselae. (AU)

In order to determine the frequency of seropositive cases of Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a national hospital in Peru, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 106 children with regional adenitis greater than 1 cm in diameter. The sample was selected from patients aged 5-11 years seen at the National Institute of Child Health for acute onset of regional adentitis, with more than five days of symptoms. B. henselae seropositivity was defined by indirect immunofluorescence test. We found that 86 children (81.1%) were positive for B.henselae. The median age of the patients was 7 years. In the bivariate analysis, the following associated factors were found: aged 5 years, history of fever, lymphadenopathy greater than 4 cm and reported contact with cat. In conclusion, children with regional adenitis treated in this national referral hospital showed a high frequency of positive serology for B. henselae. (AU)

Acción in vitro de diez plantas medicinales sobre diez cepas diferentes de Streptococcus pneumoniae / In vitro activity of ten medicinal plants on ten Streptococcus pneumoniae strains

Introducción: El portador sano es el principal diseminador de las infecciones neumocócicas por la nasofaringe. Una alternativa para combatirlo son las plantas medicinales. Objetivos: Determinar la efectividad de diez plantas medicinales frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae. Diseño: Estudio experimental in vitro. Material biológico: Plantas medicinales y cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae. Intervenciones: Los extractos de 10 plantas medicinales fueron puestos en contacto in vitro con 10 cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae. Principales medidas de resultados: Actividad de las plantas medicinales sobre las cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae. Resultados: almendro y Bellaco caspi fueron las únicas plantas que dieron pequeño halo de inhibición con algunas cepas; con almendro se inhibió dos cepas y con Bellaco caspi, se inhibió siete cepas y tres resultaron resistentes. Estos resultados no tuvieron relación con el serotipo de neumococo ni con los antibióticos utilizados en los antibiogramas realizados previamente. Conclusiones: El Bellaco caspi podría ser una alternativa para atacar al neumococo en la nasofaringe. Pero, por haber presentado resistencia a tres cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae, antes de usarlo sería conveniente desarrollar un antibiograma de los neumococos contra las plantas medicinales.

Introduction: The healthy carrier is the main disseminator of pneumococcal infections through nasopharynx; an alternative for treatment is a medicinal plant. Objectives: To determine the effectivity of ten medicinal plants against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Design: In vitro experimental study. Biologic materials: Medicinal plant extracts and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Interventions: Ten medicinal plant extracts were put in contact in vitro with 10 different Streptococcus pneumonia strains. Main outcome measures: Medicinal plant extracts activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Results: Only almendro y Bellaco caspi showed small inhibition halos with some strains; with almendro two of 10 Pneumococcus strains were inhibited and with Bellaco caspi seven strains were inhibited and three were resistant. These results had no relation either with Pneumococcus serotype or with antibiotics used according to antibiograms. Conclusions: Bellaco caspi could be an alternative for treating nasopharynx Pneumococcus, but due to resistance to three Streptococcus pneumonia strains there is no total guarantee and an antibiogram for pneumococci against medicinal plants is needed.

Nivel de conocimientos acerca de los cuidados postoperatorios de las pacientes adolescentes que serán cesareadas por primera vez en el Servicio de Centro Quirúrgico del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal 2005 / Level of knowledge about the postoperative care of the adolescent patients that who will be cesarean for the first time in the Service of Surgical Center at the National Institute Maternal Perinatal 2005

OBJETIVO: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos acerca de los cuidados postoperatorios de las pacientes adolescentes que serán cesareadas por primera vez en el Servicio de Centro Quirúrgico de lNMP 2005. METODOLOGIA: Estudio prospectivo y de corte transversal. La población está conformada por las pacientes adolescentes que serán cesareadas por primera vez en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, procedentes del Servicio de Adolescencia, en el periodo de tiempo comprendido de Julio a Diciembre del 2005. La información recolectada fue consignada en un instrumento de recolección de datos diseñado para el presente estudio y pasó a formar una base de datos con fines de registro y procesamiento estadístico. RESULTADOS: El total de personas encuestadas son adolescentes predominando de 16 y 17 años, con el 70 por ciento (14), en su mayoría de estado civil solteras, y con grado de instrucción secundaria completa. En cuanto a la orientación recibida la mayoría no la recibió. CONCLUSIÓN: La mayoría de las adolescentes que serán cesareadas por primera vez tienen un nivel de conocimiento medio y bajo en relación a los cuidados postoperatorios que deben realizar; sin embargo se encuentra un significativo nivel alto de conocimiento. Predomina más el conocimiento medio y bajo en las dimensiones que se refieren a los efectos anestésicos y al manejo del útero, solo en el manejo de la herida operatoria se observó un mayor porcentaje de nivel de conocimiento alto.

Actinomycetes bioactivos de sedimento marino de la costa central del Perú / Bioactives Actinomycetes of marine sediment from the central coast of Peru

En el presente trabajo evaluamos la actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica de actinomycetes marinos sobre patógenos de origen clínico. Asimismo, fueron evaluadas la capacidad de producir enzimas extracelulares como carbohidrasas, lipasas y proteasas. Los Actinomycetes fueron aislados de sedimentos colectados entre setiembre a diciembre del 2005 de las Bahías de Ancón (Lima) e Independencia (Ica) de 34 y 100 m de profundidad. El aislamiento se realizó en Agar Caseína - Almidón (ACA) y Agar Marino (AM) con adición de Cicloheximide (10 ng/mL). Las evaluaciones antimicrobianas fueron realizadas frente a bacterias patógenas antibiótico-multirresistentes y hongos de origen clínico; en tanto, para evaluar su actividad multienzimática se utilizaron sustratos poliméricos diversos. Se aislaron un total de 62 actinomycetes, de los cuales 31 (50 por ciento) mostraron actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus, 36 (59 por ciento) frente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa y 23 (37 por ciento) a ambos patógenos. Las cepas de actinomycetes I-400A y M10-77 identificadas en cada caso como Streptomyces y Thermoactinomyces fueron las que exhibieron mayor actividad inhibitoria frente a P. aeruginosa y S. aureus respectivamente. Asimismo, 13 actinomycetes (20,97 por ciento) mostraron actividad antifúngica frente a cultivos de Candida albicans cepa 1511 y 17 (27,42 por ciento) frente a Candida albicans cepa 1511MIC; sin embargo, ningún actinomycete presentó actividad inhibitoria frente a Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus y Trichophyton mentagrophytes. La mayoría de los actinomycetes mostraron tener actividad multienzimática capaz de hidrolizar compuestos poliméricos como el tween-80 (96 por ciento), la gelatina (95 por ciento), almidón (93 por ciento), lecitina (88 por ciento) y la caseína (74 por ciento).

In the present research we evaluated the antibacterial and antifungical activity of marine actinomycetes over pathogen of clinical origin. Likewise, it was evaluated the capacity to produce extracellular enzymes like carbohidrases, lipases and proteases. The Actinomycetes were isolated from sediments collected between September to December 2005 of Ancón (Lima) and Independencia (Ica) Bays at depths of 34 and 100 m. The isolation was performed in Casein - Starch Agar (CSA) and Marine Agar (AM) with addition of Cicloheximide (10 ng/mL). The antimicrobial evaluations were done comparing them with pathogenic antibiotic-multiresistant bacteria and fungi from clinical origin; in as much, to evaluate their multienzimatic activity several polimeric substrates were used. A total of 62 actinomycetes were isolated, 31 of there (50 per cent) showed antibacterial activity in opposite to Staphylococcus aureus, 36 (59 per cent) in opposite to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 23 (37 per cent) to both pathogens. Strains of actinomycetes I-400A and M10-77 identified in each case like Streptomyces and Thermoactinomyces exhibited higher inhibitory activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively. Also, 13 actinomycetes (20,97 per cent) showed to antifungical activity against cultures of Candida albicans strain 1511 and 17 (27,42 per cent) with Candida albicans strain 1511MIC; nevertheless, no actinomycete displayed inhibitory activity to the growth of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Most Actinomycetes showed to have multienzymic activity able to hydrolysis polymerics compounds like the tween-80 (96 per cent), gelatin (95 per cent), starch (93 per cent), lecitine (88 per cent) and casein (74 per cent).